gwoe-antragspruefer/app/news_aggregator.py

"""News-Aggregator fuer das Aktuelle-Themen-Dashboard (#170 Phase 1).

Fetcht regelmaessig News-Headlines aus AI-erlaubenden, oeffentlich-rechtlichen
oder parlamentarischen Quellen:

- **Tagesschau-API** (https://www.tagesschau.de/api2u/news/) — strukturiertes
  JSON mit ressort, tags, firstSentence pro Artikel.
- **Bundestag-Aktuellethemen-RSS**
  (https://www.bundestag.de/static/appdata/includes/rss/aktuellethemen.rss)
  — RSS mit Titel + Beschreibung pro Artikel.

**Bewusst NICHT verwendet:** RND.de (robots.txt bannt explizit ClaudeBot,
GPTBot, ChatGPT-User, CCBot, Google-Extended). RSS-Feeds privat-publizierter
Verlage werden nur dann angebunden, wenn AI-Verarbeitung explizit erlaubt ist.

**Compliance:**
- Volltexte werden NICHT persistiert. Nur Titel + erster Satz / Description.
- Kein User-Agent, der einen AI-Bot vortaeuscht (kein "ClaudeBot").
- Rate-Limiting: 1 Request pro Quelle pro Aufruf (kein Loop, kein Hammer).

Datenbank-Tabelle ``news_articles`` (siehe app/database.py):
    url PK, titel, summary, datum (ISO), source, ressort, tags JSON,
    summary_embedding BLOB, embedding_model, fetched_at.
"""
from __future__ import annotations

import json
import logging
import re
import urllib.error
import urllib.request
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from email.utils import parsedate_to_datetime
from pathlib import Path
from typing import Optional

logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)

USER_AGENT = "GWOeAntragspruefer/1.0 (+https://gwoe.toppyr.de)"
TIMEOUT = 20


# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Quellen
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

TAGESSCHAU_API = "https://www.tagesschau.de/api2u/news"

# Politische Tagesschau-Ressorts — Sport/Panorama/Sport rausgefiltert,
# weil sie selten zu parlamentarischen Antraegen passen.
TAGESSCHAU_RESSORTS = ["inland", "ausland", "wirtschaft", "wissen"]

BUNDESTAG_RSS = {
    "bundestag-aktuell": (
        "https://www.bundestag.de/static/appdata/includes/rss/aktuellethemen.rss"
    ),
    "bundestag-presse": (
        "https://www.bundestag.de/static/appdata/includes/rss/pressemitteilungen.rss"
    ),
    "bundestag-hib": (
        "https://www.bundestag.de/static/appdata/includes/rss/hib.rss"
    ),
}


# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# HTTP-Helper
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────


def _http_get(url: str) -> Optional[bytes]:
    """GET mit ehrlichem User-Agent + Timeout. Gibt None bei Fehler."""
    req = urllib.request.Request(url, headers={"User-Agent": USER_AGENT})
    try:
        with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=TIMEOUT) as r:
            return r.read()
    except (urllib.error.URLError, urllib.error.HTTPError, TimeoutError) as e:
        logger.warning("news fetch failed: %s — %s", url, e)
        return None


def _strip_html(text: str) -> str:
    """Entfernt HTML-Tags + CDATA fuer Plaintext-Summaries."""
    if not text:
        return ""
    text = re.sub(r"<!\[CDATA\[(.*?)\]\]>", r"\1", text, flags=re.DOTALL)
    text = re.sub(r"<[^>]+>", " ", text)
    text = text.replace("&amp;", "&").replace("&nbsp;", " ").replace("&quot;", '"')
    return re.sub(r"\s+", " ", text).strip()


# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# Parser
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────


def fetch_tagesschau(ressorts: Optional[list[str]] = None) -> list[dict]:
    """Holt News aus der Tagesschau-API. Liefert Liste von Dicts mit den
    Feldern: url, titel, summary, datum, source, ressort, tags.

    Volltexte (``content``) werden bewusst nicht uebernommen — nur die in
    der API verfuegbare ``firstSentence`` als Summary.
    """
    ressorts = ressorts or TAGESSCHAU_RESSORTS
    out: list[dict] = []
    seen: set[str] = set()
    for ressort in ressorts:
        url = f"{TAGESSCHAU_API}?ressort={ressort}"
        raw = _http_get(url)
        if not raw:
            continue
        try:
            data = json.loads(raw.decode("utf-8"))
        except json.JSONDecodeError:
            logger.warning("tagesschau JSON parse failed: %s", url)
            continue
        for item in data.get("news") or []:
            link = item.get("shareURL") or item.get("detailsweb")
            if not link or link in seen:
                continue
            seen.add(link)
            titel = (item.get("title") or "").strip()
            if not titel:
                continue
            summary = (item.get("firstSentence") or "").strip()
            datum = item.get("date") or ""
            tags = [t.get("tag") for t in (item.get("tags") or []) if t.get("tag")]
            out.append({
                "url": link,
                "titel": titel,
                "summary": summary,
                "datum": datum,
                "source": "tagesschau",
                "ressort": item.get("ressort") or ressort,
                "tags": tags,
            })
    return out


_RSS_ITEM_RE = re.compile(r"<item>(.*?)</item>", re.DOTALL)
_RSS_TITLE_RE = re.compile(r"<title>(.*?)</title>", re.DOTALL)
_RSS_LINK_RE = re.compile(r"<link>(.*?)</link>")
_RSS_DESC_RE = re.compile(r"<description>(.*?)</description>", re.DOTALL)
_RSS_PUB_RE = re.compile(r"<pubDate>(.*?)</pubDate>")


def _parse_rss_date(s: str) -> str:
    """Konvertiere RSS-pubDate (RFC 822) → ISO-8601-Datum."""
    if not s:
        return ""
    try:
        dt = parsedate_to_datetime(s.strip())
        if dt.tzinfo is None:
            dt = dt.replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)
        return dt.astimezone(timezone.utc).isoformat()
    except (TypeError, ValueError):
        return ""


def fetch_rss(source: str, url: str, max_items: int = 50) -> list[dict]:
    """Generischer RSS-2.0-Parser. Liefert dicts wie fetch_tagesschau."""
    raw = _http_get(url)
    if not raw:
        return []
    text = raw.decode("utf-8", errors="replace")
    items_xml = _RSS_ITEM_RE.findall(text)[:max_items]
    out: list[dict] = []
    for item in items_xml:
        title_m = _RSS_TITLE_RE.search(item)
        link_m = _RSS_LINK_RE.search(item)
        desc_m = _RSS_DESC_RE.search(item)
        pub_m = _RSS_PUB_RE.search(item)
        titel = _strip_html(title_m.group(1)) if title_m else ""
        link = _strip_html(link_m.group(1)) if link_m else ""
        if not titel or not link:
            continue
        summary = _strip_html(desc_m.group(1)) if desc_m else ""
        datum = _parse_rss_date(pub_m.group(1)) if pub_m else ""
        out.append({
            "url": link,
            "titel": titel,
            "summary": summary,
            "datum": datum,
            "source": source,
            "ressort": None,
            "tags": [],
        })
    return out


def fetch_all() -> list[dict]:
    """Holt alle konfigurierten Quellen ein. Kein Caching, kein Auto-Retry."""
    out: list[dict] = []
    out.extend(fetch_tagesschau())
    for source, url in BUNDESTAG_RSS.items():
        out.extend(fetch_rss(source, url))
    return out


# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
# DB-Persistierung
# ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────


def upsert_articles(
    articles: list[dict],
    db_path: Optional[Path] = None,
    embed: bool = True,
) -> dict:
    """Schreibe oder aktualisiere News-Artikel in der DB.

    Idempotent ueber URL-PK. Existierende Eintraege bekommen ein neues
    ``fetched_at``, aber Embedding bleibt persistent (sonst LLM-Kosten
    pro Cron-Lauf).

    Returns:
        ``{"inserted": int, "updated": int, "embedded": int}``
    """
    import sqlite3
    from .config import settings

    path = db_path or settings.db_path
    if not Path(path).exists():
        return {"inserted": 0, "updated": 0, "embedded": 0}

    conn = sqlite3.connect(str(path))
    inserted = 0
    updated = 0
    embedded = 0
    try:
        for art in articles:
            url = art["url"]
            cur = conn.execute(
                "SELECT summary_embedding IS NOT NULL FROM news_articles WHERE url=?",
                (url,),
            )
            row = cur.fetchone()
            tags_json = json.dumps(art.get("tags") or [])
            if row is None:
                conn.execute(
                    """INSERT INTO news_articles
                    (url, titel, summary, datum, source, ressort, tags, fetched_at)
                    VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, datetime('now'))""",
                    (
                        url, art["titel"], art.get("summary") or "",
                        art.get("datum") or "",
                        art["source"], art.get("ressort"), tags_json,
                    ),
                )
                inserted += 1
            else:
                conn.execute(
                    """UPDATE news_articles
                    SET titel=?, summary=?, datum=?, source=?, ressort=?, tags=?,
                        fetched_at=datetime('now')
                    WHERE url=?""",
                    (
                        art["titel"], art.get("summary") or "",
                        art.get("datum") or "",
                        art["source"], art.get("ressort"), tags_json,
                        url,
                    ),
                )
                updated += 1
        conn.commit()
    finally:
        conn.close()

    if embed:
        embedded = embed_pending_articles(db_path=db_path)

    return {"inserted": inserted, "updated": updated, "embedded": embedded}


def embed_pending_articles(
    db_path: Optional[Path] = None,
    limit: int = 100,
) -> int:
    """Erzeuge Embeddings fuer alle News-Artikel ohne ``summary_embedding``.

    Embedded wird ein Stueck-Text aus Titel + Summary + Tags. Bei
    Embedding-API-Fehler wird der Artikel uebersprungen — naechster Run
    holt ihn nach.
    """
    import sqlite3
    from .config import settings
    from . import embeddings as emb

    path = db_path or settings.db_path
    if not Path(path).exists():
        return 0

    conn = sqlite3.connect(str(path))
    try:
        rows = conn.execute(
            """SELECT url, titel, summary, tags FROM news_articles
            WHERE summary_embedding IS NULL ORDER BY datum DESC LIMIT ?""",
            (limit,),
        ).fetchall()
    finally:
        conn.close()

    if not rows:
        return 0

    embedded = 0
    conn = sqlite3.connect(str(path))
    try:
        for url, titel, summary, tags_raw in rows:
            try:
                tags = json.loads(tags_raw) if tags_raw else []
            except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError):
                tags = []
            parts = [titel or ""]
            if summary:
                parts.append(summary)
            if tags:
                parts.append(", ".join(tags))
            text = "\n".join(p for p in parts if p).strip()
            if not text:
                continue
            try:
                vec = emb.create_embedding(text, model=emb.EMBEDDING_MODEL)
            except Exception:
                logger.exception("embed_pending_articles: API error for %s", url)
                continue
            conn.execute(
                """UPDATE news_articles
                SET summary_embedding=?, embedding_model=?
                WHERE url=?""",
                (json.dumps(vec).encode(), emb.EMBEDDING_MODEL, url),
            )
            embedded += 1
        conn.commit()
    finally:
        conn.close()
    return embedded


def run_aggregator(db_path: Optional[Path] = None, embed: bool = True) -> dict:
    """Top-Level: alle Quellen holen + persistieren + embedden.

    Sicher fuer Cron-Aufrufe — fehlende Quellen werden geloggt, nicht
    geworfen.
    """
    articles = fetch_all()
    return upsert_articles(articles, db_path=db_path, embed=embed)